Manganese Nodules on the Sea Floor: Are Economic Mining Operations Feasible?
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Manganese micro-nodules on ancient brick walls.
Romans, Jews, Arabs and Christians built the ancient city of Toledo (Spain) with bricks as the main construction material. Manganese micro-nodules (circa 2 microm in diameter) have grown under the external bio-film surface of the bricks. Recent anthropogenic activities such as industrial emissions, foundries, or traffic and housing pollution have further altered these old bricks. The energy-dis...
متن کاملSurprises from the sea floor
Unknown planet: Around 72% of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans, and much of that surface is still unchartered territory for science. (Graphic: SuperStock.) More than seventy percent of the surface of our planet is covered by oceans. 88 percent of their area is deeper than 1,000 metres and thus difficult to access for research. There are only a handful of research submersibles that can d...
متن کاملthe effect of taftan pozzolan on the compressive strength of concrete in the environmental conditions of oman sea (chabahar port)
cement is an essential ingredient in the concrete buildings. for production of cement considerable amount of fossil fuel and electrical energy is consumed. on the other hand for generating one tone of portland cement, nearly one ton of carbon dioxide is released. it shows that 7 percent of the total released carbon dioxide in the world relates to the cement industry. considering ecological issu...
Metamodel-Based Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of a Deep-Sea Manganese Nodules Test Miner
A deep-sea manganese nodules test miner has not only coupled relationship between system components but also various design requirements of each system to meet the specified multitasks. To accomplish the multiobjectives of complex systems, multidisciplinary design optimization MDO is performed.Metamodels such as the krigingmodel and the response surfacemodel are employed to reduce computational...
متن کاملPaleodictyon nodosum: A living fossil on the deep-sea floor
We report new in situ observations and laboratory studies of specimens of a small (diameter 2.4–7.5 cm) strikingly hexagonal form originally described from sedimented steps in a wall of the axial valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (water depth 3430–3575m) near 261N, 451W that appears to be identical to the iconic form Paleodictyon nodosum described as a trace fossil from Eocene flysch deposits at...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Science
سال: 1979
ISSN: 0036-8075,1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.203.4380.565